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#### A comprehensive history of Confederate memorials—and the century-long struggle over their meaning. * Regarding Confederate memorials, there is no agreement. Debates over its meanings have sparked legislative battles, court cases, and popular protests that sometimes turned into acts of vandalism. These conflicts have continued for more than a century, but not with the intensity we see today. In her book “No Common Ground,” historian Karen L. Cox: The Genesis, Preservation, and Contest of Confederate Memorials. Cox explores what these statues meant to her daughters, and how movements arose to challenge them. It also traces the forces behind symbols of white supremacy, and how anti-monument sentiment—suppressed during the Jim Crow era—resurfaced with the civil rights movement, and grew after the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Monument advocates used gerrymandering and heritage laws to prevent their removal, while civil rights activists fought to reclaim public space and history.