الاقتصاد السياسي للعنصرية.. استمرار معاداة السود في الولايات المتحدة

#### Anti-Blackness persists in the United States * Why does racial disparity persist in America? In this important textbook, Michelle Holder and Janet Weeks-Lim answer this question by introducing readers to the innovative field of hierarchical economics. This field offers an alternative solution to traditional economics' overemphasis on individuals and its neglect of how politics affects the economy. It highlights how groups - such as ethnic groups - compete to obtain prominent positions in society through political and economic dominance. The book integrates the economics of hierarchy with intersectionality theory to illustrate how gender and race intersect with racial oppression. Holder and Wicks-Lim argue that anti-black racism arose and persists because it protected the interests of a politically dominant social group: white Americans. This argument plays out in multiple areas: education, employment, wealth, and the criminal legal system. Political intervention—through government action driven by social movements—is necessary to achieve racial equality.