لماذا فشلت الديمقراطية.. أسباب الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية

In this remarkable new history of the origins of the Spanish Civil War, James Simpson and Juan Carmona tackle a very thorny issue: the reasons for the failure of Spain's democratic Second Republic. They explore the interconnections between economic growth, state capacity, rural social mobility, and the emergence of competitive mass political parties, and how these factors limited the effectiveness of new republican governments, particularly their attempts to address economic and social problems in the agricultural sector. They show how political change during the Republican period had a significant economic impact on various groups of rural society, leading to social conflicts that turned into polarization, and then into violence and brutality with the outbreak of civil war. The failure of the democratic republic resulted less from opposition from feudal elites than from the inability of small farmers to exploit their new political voice more effectively. This shows the limitations imposed on emerging democracies by the levels of state capacity and the systems of political organization they inherited. This includes multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary perspectives that show the interconnectedness between political change and economic development. Explains how individuals with moderate political views became disillusioned with the Second Republic and drifted toward the extreme ends of the political spectrum.