East and West

In _East and West_ Guénon diagnoses the fundamental ‘abnormality’ of Western civilization vis-a-vis the traditional civilizations of the East, suggests avenues by which the West might be ‘re-oriented’ toward the fundamental metaphysical principles it has largely abandoned, and outlines the possible role of a restoration of true intellectuality in this task. Of course, East and West are no longer what they were in Guénon’s time. The aggressive rationalism and materialism of post-Christian Western culture has become a worldwide phenomenon, and no longer corrodes the philosophical and cultural underpinnings of the West only: it has infiltrated distorted forms of Eastern spirituality and metaphysics, incited fundamentalist reactions the world over, and, thanks to the pervasive internet, wields previously unheard of influence. And so today we have an East largely inflamed with a desire to surpass the West in materialism, and a West sodden with moral and spiritual degeneracy. Nonetheless, fruitful exchanges between traditional Christianity and Eastern religions have also taken place on an unprecedented scale, though marred by an ongoing temptation to ill-informed syncretism. In such a milieu, Guénon’s_East and West_, read with an eye to events of recent decades, delivers a stunning intellectual punch. _East and West_, first published in 1924, was the fourth of a series of books that cleared the ground for Guénon’s later writings. His first book, _Introduction to the Study of the Hindu Doctrines_ (1921), was an exposition of metaphysics as transmitted in the Hindu tradition, and served to establish his specific use of important terms such as ‘esoterism’, ‘tradition’, and ‘orthodoxy’. He next set about writing two extensive volumes critiquing what he called ‘pseudo-esoteric’ groups. The first of these, _Theosophy: History of a Pseudo-Religion_ (1921), is an exposé of Madame Blavatsky’s Theosophical Society; the second, _The Spiritist Fallacy_ (1923), examines the current of nineteenth-century spiritism that set the stage for many occult movements that appeared toward the end of that century. Guénon’s application of traditional metaphysics to the special case of pseudo-esoteric groups was then broadened in the present book to the general question of East and West as conservators and transmitters of traditional wisdom in the modern age. The titles of its two parts, ‘Western Illusions’ and ‘How the Differences Might be Bridged’, describe perfectly the book’s intention. Later books, especially _The Crisis of the Modern World_ and its magisterial sequel, _The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times_, further extended Guenon’s penetrating critique of the modern world.