كيف تفكر الديمقراطيات، الدوافع الخفية للأيديولوجيات

In his new book, “How Democracies Think, Hidden Motives For ideologies](https://www.independentarabia.com/node/643759/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9/%D9 %83%D8%AA%D8%A8/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-% D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A A-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85)" (2026), French thinker, historian, and sociologist Marcel Gauchet provides an in-depth theoretical and historical reading of the issue of ideologies that shape major political identities and direct public opinion. The French thinker starts from the premise that ideologies are not a pathological symptom that afflicts political life, nor merely an intellectual mask for class domination as portrayed by the Marxist tradition, but rather a structure inherent in the birth of societies. Democracy%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9 Modernism and its development, revealing how it was formed within these democracies as a functional alternative to religion, and how neoliberalism since the 1970s has restored a deep and hidden formulation of standards. Politics And social. The new book is inspired by the study published by the British anthropologist Mary Douglas (1921–2007) in the 1980s under the title “How Institutions Think,” in which she formulated a critique of rational choice theory from the perspective of social anthropology, based on a functional-structuralist approach guided by the research of Emile Durkheim and Ludowig Fleck. In this study, Douglas devoted herself to explaining the phenomenon of human cooperation and analyzing how institutions play a decisive role in shaping the patterns of thinking that support and frame this cooperation, seeking to show that social organizations, even if they are not self-aware entities, do exercise a form of thinking through the actors organized in them, and through them they build their perceptions of themselves and the world. Today, Marcel Gaucher returns to this same approach, applying it to the political field.