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Made in War | Russia's military history from its beginnings to today A masterful history that shows how war and insecurity, real and imagined, have shaped Russia's fate over the centuries, including the disastrous invasion of Ukraine. Putin maintains a tight grip on power in Russia despite the devastating invasion of Ukraine. The answer to the how and why lies in Russian history. Without solid natural borders and environmental factors constraining its economy, Russia has been pitted against the dominant military powers of every era over the centuries, often at a technical disadvantage. To meet these challenges, it had to rely heavily on its people, and so war – and the need to wage it – shaped the course of its development, from tsars to commissars and chiefs. National identity was formed in the midst of war. From the medieval Kingdom of Rus that fought Scandinavian princes and Mongol emperors, to its struggles to build its empire in Asia during the 19th century, to the 20th century's founding wars that saw Russia transform from a tsarist empire into a communist state and defender of the Nazi era, all of these conflicts stained Russia's lands with blood. A weakened post-Cold War Russia then turned to Putin, who created a new atmosphere of triumphalist militarism, leading directly to the Ukrainian War. Rich in contemporary narratives, Made in War offers an insider's view of Russia's past and present, debunking myths.